An antigen is a molecule that stimulates a response from the immune system , such as bacteria , viruses , food , toxins , and foreign cells . The word is derived from the idea that antigens can stimulate antibody generation . Now it is known that the immune system does not only consist of antibodies . Modern definition encompasses all substances that antigens can be recognized by the adaptive immune system , which includes the humoral immune system and antibody -based system that does not use antibodies , cell - mediated immune system .
The basis of the adaptive immune system lies in the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between the proteins produced by the body's own cells ( they were the original organism ) , and the protein produced by the invaders or cells under the control of viruses ( what is not known as original organism ) . The immune system is one of great complexity , adaptability , and coordination . Antigens can be countless different types of foreign invaders . However , the immune system can recognize millions of different antigens and neutralize or destroy them , while at the same time allowing help , symbiotic bacteria , such as E. coli , to become established in the human body . Despite all the various types of white blood cells have different responsibilities , they all function together to recognize , attack , and destroy bacteria , viruses , cancer cells , and all the substance that was strange .
On the other hand , the allergen is a substance that induces an allergic reaction , an abnormally high or misguided reaction by the immune system against specific antigens that are usually harmless . These adverse reactions can usually result after exposure via consumption , inhalation , injection , or skin contact .
A call tolerogen is immune antigen non - specific response to subsequent doses because of the shape of the molecule . If the shape of the molecule is changed , tolerogen can become immunogen .
Thanks for the sharing of such detailed introduction about antigens. I have learned a lot!
ReplyDeleteCan they be applied to Impurities Analysis?
ReplyDeleteA fungus, which contains cellulose, is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. Fungal diseases are often caused by fungi that are common in the environment.So it is vital to have good understanding of fungal antigens.
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