Beneficial bacteria
Some bacteria are beneficial role of the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are as follows .
Eubacteria
Decay ( decomposition ) the rest of the living beings . An example is Escherichia coli .
Manufacture of fermented foods and beverages . For example, in the manufacture of vinegar Acetobacter , Lactobacillus bulgaricus in yogurt manufacture , Acetobacter xylinum in making nata de coco , and Lactobacillus casei in making cheese and yogurt .
Play a role in the nitrogen cycle as nitrogen-fixing bacteria , Rhizobium leguminosarum are living in symbiosis with the roots of legumes and Acetobacter chlorococcum .
Soil fertility . Examples are Nitrosococcus and Nitrosomonas were instrumental in the process of nitrification produce nitrate ions needed by plants .
Producing antibiotics . An example is the antibiotic -producing Bacillus polymyxa polymyxin B for the treatment of Gram- positive bacterial infections , antibiotic -producing Streptomyces grieus streptomycin for the treatment of Gram -negative bacteria , including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis , and antibiotic -producing Streptomyces rimosus tetracycline for a variety of bacterial infections .
Genetic engineering research in various fields . For example , in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals produced useful chemical products that are synthesized by bacteria, such as enzymes , vitamins , and hormones .
Manufacture of chemicals , such as acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum .
archaebacteria
Role in the process of decomposition of garbage and animal waste to produce methane alternative energy in the form of biogas . For example Methanobacterium .
Harmful Bacteria
Some harmful bacteria of kingdom eubacteria and archaebacteria are as follows .
Eubacteria
Food spoilage . For example, Clostridium botulinum .
The cause disease in humans . For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( the cause of tuberculosis ) , Vibrio cholerae ( cholera causes or vomiting ) , Clostridium tetani ( causes tetanus ) , and Mycobacterium leprae ( the cause of leprosy ) .
The cause of the disease in animals . Examples of Bacillus anthracis ( the cause of anthrax disease in cattle ) .
The cause of disease in crop plants . Examples of Pseudomonas solanacearum ( causing disease in tomato plants , Lombok , eggplant , and tobacco ) , and Agrobacterium tumefaciens ( cause tumors and plants ) .
archaebacteria
Causes damage to foods preserved with salt .
Countermeasures against Harmful Bacteria
The bacteria that harm humans include bacteria that can spoil food and bacteria that can cause disease . To overcome the destruction of bacteria can be carried out , among others, food preservation and processing the food . As for tackling the bacteria that cause disease do with hygiene and health , and immunization .
Food Preservation and Processing
Preservation and food processing is an attempt to make the condition of the food is not easily damaged by microorganisms . Preserved foods and processed foods made is not the optimum place for bacteria to live .
Among other food preservation is done by pemanisan , drying , curing , pickling , salting , and cooling . Examples of preserved foods are crackers , salami , pickled , salted fish , candied fruit , and sale .
Food processing is done by heating to kill most disease-causing microorganisms found in foods and beverages . Form of heating food and beverages can be cooked like regular manner or in a way specifically, for example, pasteurization or sterilization .
Pasteurization is a heating temperature of 63 - 72oC with for 15-30 minutes . Performed on milk pasteurization to kill pathogenic bacteria , such as Salmonella and Mycobacterium . In addition , pasteurization also can retain flavor and aroma of milk .
Sterisalisasi is heating using hot air or hot water high-pressure steam . With hot air sterilization using an oven temperature of 170 - 180oC . This method is used to sterilize glassware . Steam sterilization with high pressure hot water is done by using a device called an autoclave at a temperature of 115 - 134oC . Autoclave is used for sterilization of materials and equipment .
Sterilization is generally performed in the food and beverage industry , such as food or beverage cans . In the research field of microbiology , sterilization is also used to obtain a pure culture of a type of bacteria .
Personal Health and Hygiene and the Environment
Diseases caused by microorganisms arise because of the way life is lacking hygiene . The disease is also much easier to attack people who physically weak . This causes the need for efforts to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in order to avoid various diseases . Efforts should be made to maintain the cleanliness and health , among others, as follows .
Keeping the environment clean .
Maintain cleanliness of the body by bathing and washing hands before eating .
Doing regular exercise .
Eating healthy and nutritious food .
Simply break .
immunization
Immunization is an attempt to gain immunity against diseases caused by microorganisms , such as bacteria . Immunization stimulates a person 's immune to give pathogenic microorganisms that have been attenuated . Immunization is also called vaccinations or vaccine . Examples of vaccines to prevent diseases caused by bacteria as follows .
Cholera vaccine to prevent cholera .
Typhoid vaccine to prevent typhoid .
BCG vaccine to prevent TB disease .
DPT vaccine ( Diphteria , Pertussis , Tetanus ) to prevent diphtheria , pertussis / cough , and tetanus .
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